NAME
Names of places (toponyms) on a road sign indicating their direction in Bali, Indonesia
A proper noun is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a form or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal proper noun identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual man. The proper noun of a specific entity is sometimes chosen a proper name (although that term has a philosophical pregnant besides) and is, when consisting of merely one discussion, a proper name. Other nouns are sometimes called "mutual names" or (obsolete) "full general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents tin requite their child a proper noun or a scientist can give an element a name.
Etymology
The word name comes from Old English nama; cognate with Old German language (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.[1] Outside Indo-European, it tin be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.
Naming conventions
A naming convention is a fix of agreed, stipulated, or more often than not accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.
Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have called alphabetical names by birth club. In some E Asian cultures it is common for ane syllable in a two-syllable given proper name to exist a generation name which is the same for firsthand siblings. In many cultures it is mutual for the son to be named after the father or a grandad. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family proper name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the identify of nascency. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.
Major naming conventions include:
- Astronomical naming conventions
- In biological science, binomial nomenclature
- In chemical science, chemical nomenclature
- In classics, Roman naming conventions
- In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
- In reckoner networking, figurer naming schemes
- Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
- In sciences mostly, systematic names for a variety of things
Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in add-on to a model yr, such every bit a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car'due south "decoration level" or "trim line" equally well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, later the precious metallic. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the side by side generation.
Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abridgement for the discipline area and then a number ordered past increasing level of difficulty.
Many numbers (e.g., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Nigh all organizations that assign names or numbers volition follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers, even telephone numbers all have an internal convention.
Personal name
A signature is a person's ain handwritten proper name
A personal name is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated.[2] In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given name or outset name) and a surname (also called a terminal name or family unit proper noun because it is shared by members of the aforementioned family).[three] Some people have two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and the Americas, the given name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Republic of hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to accept her husband's surname when she gets married.
A common do in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given proper noun of one'south father. A less common practice in countries is matronym which ways that a component of a personal proper name is based on the given proper name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation name, a syllable shared betwixt siblings and cousins of the same generation.
Heart names are besides used past many people as a third identifier, and can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practise in the United States), and to perpetuate family unit names. The practice of using centre names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to accept a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family proper noun, not exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a proper name representing an individual aspect or the specific branch of a person'south family).[4] Middle names eventually savage out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.[iv]
Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may as well have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are breezy names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a curt course of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to apply an alias, or a fake name, instead of their existent proper name, possibly to protect or obscure their identity. People may also take titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of majestic families may utilize various terms such every bit King, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).[3]
Names of names
In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are chosen andronyms (from Aboriginal Greek ἀνήρ / human being, and ὄνομα / name),[5] while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / adult female, and ὄνομα / proper noun).[6]
| Name of ... | Proper noun of proper name |
|---|---|
| Full proper name of a person | Personal proper name |
| Offset name of a person | Given name |
| Family name | Surname |
| Residents of a locality | Demonym |
| Ethnic grouping | Ethnonym |
| Simulated or causeless proper noun | Pseudonym |
| Pseudonym of an author | Pen proper noun |
| Pseudonym of a performer | Stage name |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
| Proper noun of a... | Proper noun of proper noun |
|---|---|
| Any geographical object | Toponym |
| Body of h2o | Hydronym |
| Mount or hill | Oronym |
| Region or land | Choronym |
| Whatever inhabited locality | Econym |
| Village | Comonym |
| Town or city | Astionym |
| Cosmic object | Cosmonym |
| Star | Astronym |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
Brand names
Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to exist highly-seasoned and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.
Religious names
Two charts from an Arabic re-create of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person will live or dice based on the numerical value of the patient's name.
In the ancient globe, specially in the ancient nearly-e (State of israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to exist extremely powerful and deed, in some ways, as a carve up manifestation of a person or deity.[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to apply the name of God in Hebrew writing or voice communication, equally well as the common agreement in aboriginal magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] proper name". By invoking a god or spirit by proper noun, ane was idea to be able to summon that spirit'due south power for some kind of phenomenon or magic (see Luke ix:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus). This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for case the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may exist used in a stern command which will drive the demon abroad.
Biblical names
In the Erstwhile Attestation, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a modify of proper noun indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his married woman Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the institution of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions.[9] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".[10]
Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at nascency that reflect something of significance or describe the course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace,[xi] and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without state of war.[12] Also, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph besides said, "God has fabricated me forget all my troubles and anybody in my begetter'south family." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. Still, they were typically known equally the child of their father. For instance: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) pregnant, David, son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this style of name is still used in Jewish religious rites.
Indian proper noun
Indian names are based on a multifariousness of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come up from epics. India's population speaks a wide variety of languages and nearly every major organized religion in the world has a post-obit in India. This diversity makes for subtle, often disruptive, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names beyond Southward and Southeast Asia are influenced past or adapted from Indian names or words.
For some Indians, their birth name is dissimilar from their official proper name; the nativity name starts with a randomly selected name from the person'southward horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's nascency).
Many children are given iii names, sometimes every bit a part of religious educational activity.
Quranic names (Arabic names)
We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such every bit Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for case Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the aforementioned. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such equally Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.
Proper noun use by animals
The utilise of personal names is non unique to humans. Dolphins[13] and green-rumped parrotlets[fourteen] also apply symbolic names to accost contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to analyze which dolphin is existence referred to.
See also
- Chinese proper noun
- Man names
- Legal name
- List of adjectival forms of place names
- Name calling – a class of verbal corruption
- Names of God
- Numeral (linguistics)
- Onomastics – the study of proper names
- Popular true cat names
- Title (publishing)
References
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-twenty . ; The asterisk before a word indicates that it is a hypothetical structure, not an attested form.
- ^ "personal name". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b "General words for names, and types of proper name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b Fabry, Merrill (August 16, 2016). "Now You Know: Why Do We Have Centre Names?" (spider web article). Fourth dimension.com. Time. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ Room 1996, p. half dozen.
- ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
- ^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-1
- ^ Catechism of the Cosmic Church, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Automobile
- ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church by Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge (Jan 30, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 page 235
- ^ Baruch Hochman, Character in Literature (Cornell University Press, 1985), 37.
- ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the name Solomon". Behind the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Solomon, the King". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Study Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November xiv, 2006.
- ^ Berg, Karl Due south.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack Due west. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Animal Behaviour. 81 (1): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.x.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.
Sources
- Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Heart for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
- Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Printing.
- Fraser, Peter Chiliad. (2000). "Ethnics every bit Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157.
- Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford Academy Printing. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-19-873672-i.
- Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Linguistic communication of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN9780810831698.
Further reading
- "Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
- Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Sociology. 50 (iv): 764–779. doi:10.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
- Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value equally Testify, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford Academy Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-726216-three
- Name and Course – from Sacred Texts Buddhism
External links
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to Name . |
 | Wikimedia Eatables has media related to names. |
- Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
- Backside The Proper noun, The etymology of first names
- The Name Tradition In The Christian Culture
- Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the world throughout the history
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name
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